Inquiry Resources

Additional Inquiry-Based Learning Resources

A Teacher Self-Assessment: Strengthening Our Approach to Inquiry

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A teacher’s beliefs in their ability to facilitate an inquiry influences how they approach inquiry in their classroom. What we believe about our ability to be successful may be affected by our need for control and what we think our students can do
John Hattie lists a teacher’s estimate of student achievement in the top three of 252 influences that impact student achievement. The article takes you through steps will help you reflect on your current beliefs about inquiry and identify next steps you can implement right away!

How Every Inquiry Teacher is a DJ : Meet the Responsive Teaching Console

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If inquiry, as a stance and as a pedagogy, requires flexibility and responsiveness, how might you intentionally prepare your students and yourself for the dynamic task? One way of doing this is by naming (some of) the elements or conditions at play during an inquiry experience. Timing, available resources, content and processes are a few of many lesson elements. This article unpacks each element, as four examples of many, and shows you how you might dial it up in your own context.
Watch the video: Setting the stage for responsive teaching presented by Misty Paterson where she explains the Responsive teaching Console

Where Do Ideas Come From?

Run Time: 5:32 - June 29, 2017
This short film from filmmaker Andrew Norton tackles the nebulous origins of inspiration. Does a good idea strike like a bolt of lightning, or does it emerge from a soup of random ingredients cooked at just the right temperature?You might wish to compare this clip to the popular and beautiful book by Kobi Yamada: What do you do with an idea?

Student-Driven Learning

Run Time: 5:25 - Dec 16, 2015
Watch how Ralston Elementary School is creating a culture of inquiry to nourish 21st-century learners.

Essential Questions that Encourage Inquiry-Based Learning

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Source: Future Focused Learning

PD: Asking Questions that Encourage Inquiry-Based Learning*

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*This is a good resource for PD to promote questioning that encourages inquiry-Based learning
Source: 2010 Centre for Research In Mathematics Education University of Nottingham

Putting Student Questioning at the Heart of Inquiry

Run Time: 4:19 - Oct 20, 2023
In this video segment by Nicole Bolduc, she highlights the significance of students asking their own questions and leading scientific investigations. Bolduc observed that students felt empowered when generating questions and developed investigation ideas. She emphasized the importance of student-led inquiry for creating an engaging and effective learning environment

Strategy for Promoting Critical Thinking

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Provocations to Spark Your Students to Think, Wonder and Question

The following websites offer a wide spectrum of provocations for students to pique their curiosity and get them thinking, wondering and speaking about topics that interest them. These are wonderful conversation starters that can lead to the development of critical thinking, listening and oracy skills that can support your units of inquiry.

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How to Get Students to Ask Good Questions, and Drive Deeper Learning

It won’t come as a huge surprise to educators: Sometimes good questions are more productive than right answers.

That was the conclusion of a 2020 study, too. Students who studied a topic and then composed their own questions scored 14 percentage points higher on a test than students who used passive strategies like studying their notes and rereading materials. Creating questions, the researchers found, not only encouraged students to think more deeply about the topic but also strengthened their ability to remember the material.

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Quality matters, and you can move kids from simple yes/no questions to more penetrating inquiry by guiding them toward questions that start with “explain,” or that use “how” and “why” framing. Alternatively, you can use class time to identify the characteristics of higher-order questions—those that require analysis or synthesis, for example—then collect student questions and discuss them as a group.

Source: Edutopia & Wiley Online Library

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Moving Beyond Inquiry Based Learning OR Explicit Instruction

The discussion between guided inquiry-based learning and direct instruction has too often been framed as an either/or binary. A recent debate, highlighted in the 2024 paper Beyond Inquiry or Direct Instruction: Pressing Issues for Designing Impactful Science Learning Opportunities, shifts the focus from this binary choice toward a more nuanced approach. The authors argue for blending instructional strategies depending on various contextual factors to create optimal learning outcomes.

Also see: Weighing Inquiry-Based Learning and Direct Instruction in Elementary Math |Edutopia| November 4, 2024

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Inquiry vs. Direct Instruction: Is One Superior?

The paper responds to claims that direct instruction outperforms inquiry-based learning. While proponents of direct instruction cite its grounding in Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) and claim its superiority in all cases, the authors refute this by showcasing studies where inquiry-based learning is rooted in cognitive and sociocultural theories. They present evidence that inquiry-based learning supports the development of deeper conceptual knowledge and problem-solving skills, particularly when scaffolding and teacher support are provided.

Context Matters: Examples of Combined Methods

The key, according to the authors, is to identify the conditions where each method works best. In many real-world scenarios, a blend of guided inquiry and direct instruction proves most effective. The paper offers several examples of how these methods can be combined:

1. Physics: Newton’s Second Law of Motion

Direct Instruction Example: The teacher explains Newton’s second law in detail, breaking down the relationships between force, mass, and acceleration. This includes both a conceptual explanation and the formula. Students can ask questions to ensure they understand before applying the knowledge. Following this, they experiment with a practical demonstration, using a wheeled skateboard to test and verify the law in real-life conditions.

Inquiry-Based Learning Example: Students begin by asking a question: What type of motion occurs when a force is applied to an object? They then engage in experiments with the skateboard, exploring different outcomes based on their hypotheses. Instructor guidance is provided, but the focus is on the students generating content and understanding through investigation.

In both cases, students are actively engaged, whether verifying through direct application or discovering principles through inquiry. The combination provides structured learning with opportunities for deeper exploration.

2. Density in Physics

Direct Instruction Example: The concept of density is introduced through explicit teaching. The teacher explains the formula and its relationship to mass and volume. Students then apply the concept by solving problems or conducting simple experiments to confirm the formula.

Inquiry-Based Learning Example: Instead of starting with an explanation, students are tasked with experimenting with different materials to explore why some objects float while others sink. Through guided inquiry, they discover the principle of density for themselves, with teacher support.

This contrast highlights the balance between structured content delivery and active student-led investigation. Both approaches work together to enhance student understanding.

3. Project-Based Learning: Chemistry and Physics

Two large-scale studies show the advantages of project-based learning, a method combining inquiry and instruction:

Schneider et al. (2022): In this study, students explored real-world problems in chemistry, such as why table salt is safe to consume while its components are toxic. The project-based approach included experiments, modeling, and predictions, leading to better performance compared to traditional instruction.

Krajcik et al. (2022): A similar study involved students learning physics and biology through project-based inquiry. Over 2,000 students participated, and those in the project-based group outperformed their peers in traditional classrooms.

Managing Cognitive Load in Inquiry-Based Learning

A notable concern with inquiry learning is cognitive load. However, the paper discusses examples where students effectively manage cognitive demands during inquiry-based tasks. Perez et al. (2017) conducted a study on electrical circuits, demonstrating that low-prior-knowledge students who successfully learned through inquiry started with simpler tasks and took pauses to reflect on their learning. This shows that with the right scaffolding and strategies, inquiry-based learning can be just as effective as direct instruction while also promoting deeper engagement with the material.

Generative Learning Strategies

The authors also emphasize the benefits of generative learning strategies in inquiry-based learning. Research by Fiorella and Mayer (2016) shows that students benefit from engaging in activities like summarizing, explaining, and predicting, which help them organize and integrate new information with what they already know. This active construction of knowledge is key to mastering complex scientific concepts, making inquiry-based methods particularly effective in fostering long-term understanding.

Conclusion

Ultimately, this paper advocates for a flexible, research-informed approach to science instruction. Educators should leverage both inquiry-based learning and direct instruction based on the specific context, ensuring students not only absorb knowledge but also develop the skills to apply it critically. As science education continues to evolve, the key to success lies in the thoughtful combination of instructional strategies that foster deep understanding and engagement. By blending the strengths of both approaches, educators can offer students the best of both worlds, preparing them for deeper learning and real-world problem-solving.

Source: Thought Stretchers Education

Connecting to the Environment

[Kath Murdoch]


Run Time: 51:28- Sept 17 2022
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Host Kevin O’Shea chats with well-known consultant and educator, Kath Murdoch. Kath is a celebrated author and inquiry-based education thinker, but she is also a passionate environmentalist and lover of all things nature. Kath talks about sparking curiosity through nature, but also about how we need much deeper connections and understandings of the environment in order to make lasting and meaningful change. To protect the natural world we need to grow deep-rooted personal connections to it.

Resources


Source: Nature Talks Podcast

Also, you may be interested in reading Kath's blog: Experiencing The Cycle of Inquiry where she reflects on the concept of an Inquiry cycle.

Ideas for Inquiry-Based Learning

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Source: Sylvia Duckworth

Powerful Questions for Inquiry

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Source: Sylvia Duckworth

Questions to Promote Thinking

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Source: Inovative Global Education

Guided Student Journal to Support Inquiry in the PYP

Tap/Click on image to download the 61 pg journalSource: Toddle

Toddle's Chris Gadbury has created a wonderful guided inquiry journal for PYP students. It is a collection of thinking tools that will encourage students to ask questions, reflect, and apply their understandings and skills. 

*** Check out his video walkthrough of the document. 

The guided student journal includes:

Unit of Inquiry Planning Process & Resources

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Source: Micheal Hughes
This wonderful resource created by Micheal Hughes includes a wide variety of planning/teaching/learning resources that teachers can use while creating a Unit of Inquiry.
Also see: Visible Thinking Routines & Concept-Based Inquiry in Action (book)  & Tools & Strategies

Rubric for Becoming an Inquiry-Based Teacher

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How are your Inquiry skills? Find out by using this rubric. It is a good self-assessment tool.
Source: Adapted from Douglas J. Llewellyn's book Inquire Within: Implementing Inquiry- and Argument-Based Science Standards in Grades 3-8 Third Edition

How To Get into Inquiry-Based Learning: Part 1

First Steps to Inquiry

Run Time: 3:43 - Aug 16, 2016

How To Get into Inquiry-Based Learning: Part 2

Working Towards Open Inquiry

Run Time: 6:34 - Aug 16, 2016

How To Get into Inquiry-Based Learning: Part 3

Five Skills to Become an Inquiry Teacher

Run Time: 6:19 - Aug 19, 2016

How To Get Into Inquiry-Based Learning: Part 4

Four Inquiry Skills to Nurture and Assess

Run Time: 3:59 - Aug 19, 2016

Taking the Pulse of Inquiry in Your Classroom

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How well are you implementing Inquiry? Find out by using this self-assessment tool.
Source: Making Good Humans Blog - Adapted by Ellen Manson 2016

Helping Students Think About Their Learning

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Podcast: Interview Kimberly Mitchell About Inquiry-Based Learning

Podcast - Transdisciplinary.mp3
Created by RACHEL FRENCH FRENCHSource: Professional Learning International - 1:02:03 - Jan 10, 2019
Angeline Aow interviews Kimberly L. Mitchell about inquiry. Kimberly, originally from Seattle, is the author of Experience Inquiry and an internationally-recognized speaker on inquiry-based instruction. Kimberly is a former teacher, International Baccalaureate (IB) principal in Greece, senior program officer at the Gates Foundation, and director for Teach for All in Argentina. She is the former Chair of the IB Americas Regional Council, where she consulted with associations and heads of IB schools from Canada to Chile. Her work is guided by the belief that It’s not how far you go, but how deep you go, that mines the gold of experience. To find out more about Kimberly and her work, visit her website or follow her on Twitter!

Inquiry: Thoughts, Views & Strategies

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Inquiry - Starting the Year in Kindergarten

Run Time: 7:03 - Oct 17, 2016

Inquirers are Creative

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Source: Sylvia Duckworth

Benefits of Creativity

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Source: Sylivia Duckworth

Strategies to Improve Feedback

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You are invited to explore Tom Barrett’s fifty-page resource which is packed full of protocols, strategies and practical ideas to support feedback.
Source: Tom Barrett's Blog

Power of Curiosity - Lesson Plan (Gr 3-5)

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Students will uncover the significance of  embracing curiosity and celebrating questions.
Source: Global Oneness Project

Divergent & Convergent Thinking Models

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Source: Sylvia Duckworth

Using Inquiry to Support Deeper Learning

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Inquiry-Based Articles

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Books That Support Inquiry-Based Learning

Review or buy it here

From Agency to Zest presents a captivating exploration of concepts integral to inquiry-based learning, skillfully penned by the esteemed educator and inquiry authority, Kath Murdoch. 

The book takes an alphabetical approach, dissecting and contemplating 26 pivotal words (alongside numerous related terms) that encapsulate the core of inquiry. 

Serving as an invitation to introspection, From Agency to Zest encourages educators to engage in meaningful professional dialogues, fostering a deeper grasp of inquiry as a teaching and learning methodology. 

Amidst elucidating these concepts, Kath generously imparts practical insights on leveraging the book to enhance and enrich professional learning endeavours within and beyond educational institutions. 

This thoughtfully crafted work serves as a valuable resource for educators seeking to navigate the intricacies of inquiry-based education.

Review or buy it here

“This book is Kath Murdoch's masterpiece. It is immaculately researched, carefully argued, elegantly written, beautifully produced, and above all, incredibly useful and practical.”—Guy Claxton, author of The Future of Teaching

In Getting Personal with Inquiry Learning, world-renowned inquiry expert, Kath Murdoch, draws on decades of experience to offer a thorough, practical guide to supporting young learners’ investigations into their passions, interests and questions. 

Following her best-selling Power of Inquiry, this book invites teachers to take their thinking about inquiry to the next level and to truly honour both their own and their students’ agency.

Getting Personal with Inquiry Learning offers educators a compelling argument for providing young people with opportunities to pursue their interests at school and provides a myriad of practical strategies to make this effective and manageable. Rich with classroom examples, templates to guide planning and accompanied by advice from a range of highly respected educators from around the world, this book beautifully connects theory and practice—achieving depth and accessibility.

Bonus: Check out this video where Kath chats about her new book - it's worth a view.

Review or buy it here

How can we create learning environments that cultivate curiosity and grow young people as confident, capable and creative inquirers?  How can we ensure that our teaching nurtures rather than diminishes the sense of wonder with which we are all born? How can we become better inquirers as we teach? 

How can we help our students grow as thinkers, collaborators, self-managers, communicators and researchers as they inquire? The Power of Inquiry is an inspiring and comprehensive guide to the implementation of quality inquiry practices in the contemporary classroom. Organized around ten essential questions, each chapter provides both a theoretical and practical overview of the elements that combine to create learning environments rich in purpose and passion. 

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Review or buy it here

Curating Inquiries: Curriculum Design and Mapping for Primary Schools by Grant Lewis

"Curating Inquiries" by Grant Lewis is an indispensable resource for curriculum coordinators, teachers, and administrators which I highly recommend. Grant, drawing from over 20 years of experience in curriculum design and inquiry-based learning in primary schools across Australia and globally, presents his insights in a friendly, sometimes humorous, conversational style that makes the book a pleasure to read.

This comprehensive guide is designed for educators who aim to establish a robust inquiry-focused framework that enhances teaching and learning through meaningful inquiries. While suitable for all educators interested in inquiry-based teaching and learning, it serves as an excellent support resource for IB PYP teachers, coordinators and administrators.

Grant begins by highlighting the importance of a well-structured conceptual framework for curriculum design. He underscores the necessity of long-term planning, advocating for curriculum mapping over a year or more to ensure continuity and depth, which fosters substantial and interconnected inquiries.

A significant portion of the book is dedicated to defining and illustrating inquiry-based learning. Grant clarifies its purpose and benefits, demonstrating how it can be effectively integrated into the curriculum while adhering to educational standards and incorporating student voices. He dissects the components of successful inquiry, offering practical examples from his extensive experience.

The core of "Curating Inquiries" lies in its practicality. Grant provides a wealth of strategies and protocols that teachers and administrators can immediately apply to support and enhance inquiry-based teaching and learning. These include methods for designing inquiry questions and provocations, structuring learning activities, assessing student progress, and championing student agency, including student voice and action.

One of the key challenges in inquiry-based learning is balancing the freedom of exploration with the need for accountability. Grant addresses this by illustrating how to align inquiries with curriculum standards without stifling creativity. He advocates for a flexible approach that respects student interests and voices while ensuring that learning objectives are met.

"Curating Inquiries" is particularly recommended for school leaders and teachers looking to deepen their understanding of inquiry-based learning. Grant provides guidance on planning and implementing inquiries that are memorable, powerful, and engaging. The book aims to empower educators to create rich learning experiences that resonate with students, allowing learner agency, voice, and action to flourish.

In summary, Grant Lewis's "Curating Inquiries" is a valuable resource for educators seeking to enhance their curriculum through inquiry-based learning. With its blend of theoretical insights and practical advice, the book equips teachers with the tools they need to create meaningful and effective learning journeys for their students.

Review or buy it here

Concept-Based Inquiry in Action by Carla Marschall, Rachel French

Create a thinking classroom that helps students move from the factual to the conceptual.

Concept-Based Inquiry is a framework for inquiry that promotes deep understanding. The key is using guiding questions to help students inquire into concepts and the relationships between them.

Concept-Based Inquiry in Action provides teachers with the tools and resources necessary to organize and focus student learning around concepts and conceptual relationships that support the transfer of understanding. Step by step, the authors lead both new and experienced educators to implement teaching strategies that support the realization of inquiry-based learning for understanding in any K–12 classroom.

Review or buy it here

Philosophical Inquiry shows how to use the tools of philosophy for educational purposes. It is a practical guide to the philosophical arts of questioning, conceptual exploration and reasoning, with wide application across the school curriculum. It provides educators with an effective means of teaching students to think critically and creatively, to use their knowledge to solve problems, to deal with issues, to explore possibilities and work with ideas.  Philosophical Inquiry emphasizes the use of collaborative learning, through class discussion, working with a partner, and small group work. This approach teaches students to think in socially responsible ways. It means that students become not only thinking individuals but also good team-players, with benefits that extend beyond the classroom and the school to community life and the world of work.

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